The Inclusive Internet Index 2021 report ranks Japan 17th out of 120 countries surveyed in terms of availability, determined by quality and breadth of available infrastructure.1 Authorities typically do not order service providers to block or filter content in Japan. Are websites, governmental and private entities, service providers, or individual users subject to widespread hacking and other forms of cyberattack? In April 2021, a bill was unanimously passed and enacted in the Diet which amends the Provider Liability Limitation Act to make it easier to identify users who allegedly slander people on the internet. The China . In June 2020, the founder of news site Independent Web Journal, Yasumi Iwakami, had his appeal dismissed regarding a fine he was required to pay for allegedly defaming former Osaka prefectural governor, Toru Hashimoto. Japanese man arrested for stealing women's shoes and replacing them with new ones; Japanese office disaster: man pees in drink bottle of woman coworker because "he liked her" Japanese Twitter reacts to Logan Paul's "Japanese Suicide Forest" video; Man travels 100 kilometers in middle of the night in Japan to punch another dude in . Kisha clubs and an advertising market that favors established players may be preventing digital media from gaining a stronger foothold in the market. Rakuten Mobile partnered with electronics firm NEC to launch 5G services, originally planned for June 2020. But in the eyes of . Voters found to have improperly solicited support for a candidate via email could be fined 500,000 ($4,534) or imprisoned for two years.10, Article 175 of the penal code bans the sale or distribution of obscene material, and while the relevant provisions date back more than century, they are considered to apply online.11 Once the SIA receives a report, it will either file a police report or make a request for removal to the relevant domestic or overseas provider.18. The court stated that removal of information can be demanded only when privacy protection concerns clearly outweigh the publics interest in the disclosure of information online.12 In November 2018, the amended Telecommunications Business Act and the Act on the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) came into effect.3 Under the criminal procedure code, however, investigators can order a person to decrypt an encrypted electronic record.2, Increased concerns over harassment, intimidation, and slander during the previous coverage period led members of the ruling LDP to meet with experts to discuss the possibility of deanonymizing the accounts of those who engage in such behavior online. In January 2021, the revised Copyright Act, which criminalizes the downloading of unlicensed manga, magazines, and academic publications, took effect. Since the laws introduction, many cities have subsequently moved to legislate against hate speech (see C2). Japanese residents exercise some self-censorship online, often on historical and social issues. Do the constitution or other laws fail to protect rights such as freedom of expression, access to information, and press freedom, including on the internet, and are they enforced by a judiciary that lacks independence? Individuals who have criticized the ruling LDP and the government have also faced targeted harassment. Art censorship in Hong Kong is "very much real," an expert said after the city's much-anticipated art gallery opened recently without showcasing some expected artworks by a Chinese dissident. Article 175 of the Criminal Code of Japan is to prevent the distribution and sale of of indecent material, and its current interpretation includes pornography. There are concerns that disclosure requests will be misused as a means to suppress the transmission of information.4. The law was passed in June 2020 and took effect in January 2021.7, A 2013 revision of the Public Offices Election Act lifted long-standing restrictions on the use of the internet for election campaigns. Government statistics show that the average cost of internet access for households with two or more people across Japan in 2020 was 3,601 ($34.59) compared with 3,753 ($36.05) in 2017.2 Iwakami was sentenced to pay 330,000 ($2,992) in September 2019 after he retweeted a post from 2017 that suggested Hashimoto was responsible for the suicide of one of his subordinates.3, Several users have been arrested and charged under a 2011 law criminalizing the creation and use of computer viruses without a legitimate reason (see C2). And in Japan, case law precedent offers non . The brothers father is from West Africa. With this, they brought an end to his nine-month spree of destruction. Other laws regulate online activity but are not known to have resulted in abuse or disproportionate penalties. Do conditions impede users ability to mobilize, form communities, and campaign, particularly on political and social issues? A 2011 law criminalized the creation or distribution of computer viruses without a legitimate reason.13 482-FZ on Amendments to the Federal Law on Enforcement Actions Regarding Persons Involved in Violations of Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms and the Rights and Freedoms of the Russian Federation Citizens. Update: February 8, 2022 A ccess Now and civil society organizations from across the globe are calling on the international community and technology companies to stand with the people of Myanmar and resist the coup both physical and digital. Those who violate the revised law face up to two years imprisonment, a 2 million ($18,138) fine, or both. Depictions of genitalia are pixelated to obscure them for internet users based on a commonthough poorly articulatedinterpretation of Article 175 of the penal code, which governs obscenity.7 The new Hong Kong national security law, the basis for Britain's admonition to Browder, provides for the indictment of anyone, anywhere, for speech seen as inimical to Chinese security interests. which attempts to crack the passwords of about 200 million internet-connected devices in homes and offices, starting with webcams, routers, and sensors, in order to better secure vulnerable devices with stronger passwords. Facebook has suppressed content posted by Palestinians and their supporters speaking out about human rights issues in Israel and Palestine. While Article 21 of the Constitution of Japan guarantees freedom of expression and prohibits formal censorship, effective censorship of obscene content does exist and is justified by the Article 175 of the Criminal Code of Japan. The reporting claimed that the government deployed a clandestine online surveillance program, dubbed MALLARD, to observe communications passing between satellites.16 Some companies report on data requests they receive from government agencies. In addition, individuals who knowingly receive secrets from an administrative organ risk up to five years imprisonment if the disclosures are found to be intentional, and one year for disclosures made through negligence.1 and the online organization of large demonstrations and protests against nuclear energy. Many people lost service for days or weeks, and mobile phone usage dropped by almost half in the affected areas.10. You will go to prison. In 2017, two people were sentenced to 18 months in prison, a three-year suspension, and a 500,000 ($4,534) fine for copyright-related offenses.2, Journalists who report on sensitive topics also face government and authorities pressure in the form of defamation lawsuits. After a three-month delay in rollout due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Rakuten Mobile launched 5G services in September 2020.4 Four of its women characters, Jean, Amber, Mona and Rosaria, would be getting new "alternate . In Japan it is now against the law to be mean on the internet. Genshin Impact quietly announced a somewhat odd change right before patch 2.4 launched this week. Political rights and civil liberties are generally well respected. These distinctions, however, are not perfect. March 23, 2021, 2:30 PM Japan granted asylum to less than 1 percent of refugees and asylum-seekers who applied in 2019, despite having the third-largest economy in the world. Individuals and public figures who break this social convention risk censure and even attacks from right-wing extremists, who notoriously attempted to assassinate the mayor of Nagasaki on these grounds in 1990. A Myanmar citizen has filed a complaint at the Norwegian Data Protection Authority against Telenor Group under Article 77(1) of the European Union . However, in June 2018, Okamoto Kenichiro, known as Hagex online, was murdered in Fukuoka after presenting a seminar on best practices to deal with online disagreements and abuse, among other topics.7 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) Docomo, KDDI, and SoftBank all launched commercial fifth-generation (5G) services in March 2020.3 Anonymization provisions allow for personal data to be transferred to a third party without the consent of the subject if specific requirements are met.6 Due in part to strong infrastructure, internet access is widely available to users in Japan. Do infrastructural limitations restrict access to the internet or the speed and quality of internet connections? China. In February 2019, civil society groups and ordinary users issued a joint statement asking the MIC to suspend the program,5 In 2017, the Japanese video website Niconico took down two videos posted from an internet protocol (IP) address in Osaka after municipal officials flagged them for violating a local ordinance regulating hate speech.3 Under that law, providers must comply with takedown requests within two days.8, The threat of official content restrictions looms periodically during public debates about child safety, though carriers and content producers have successfully resisted intrusive regulation. Implementation guidelines for the law described four main fields of state secretsdefense, diplomacy, counterintelligence, and counterterrorismwhich are further divided into 55 categories.2, Other laws prescribe potentially disproportionate penalties for online activity. However, the ordinance did stipulate that the city would take measures to prevent the spread of hate on the internet.17 Wi-Fi access has been tied to mobile subscriptions in the past, which presents a barrier for users without contracts.7, Connectivity is occasionally restricted accidentally or due to network congestion and server outages. In March 2020, Japanese central bank Sumitomo Mitsui abolished the official dress code,5 Internet freedom continued to improve in Japan during this reporting period. The assassination of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has shocked Japan, a country with one of the world's lowest rates of gun crime due to its strict laws on gun ownership. In May 2021, the Diet enacted the Digital Reform Bill, which streamlines how officials in Japan handle and share data and revises how personal data is protected under the law. However, in October of 2012, the Japanese government stated that Article 23(1) was abolished and, therefore, same-sex . Do restrictions on the internet and digital content lack transparency, proportionality to the stated aims, or an independent appeals process? alerts & publications Amended Japan Privacy Law Will Come into Effect in April 2022 November 16, 2021 Tokyo was O'Melveny's first international expansion destination, and we have offered robust Japan related Corporate and Dispute Resolution services for our clients for more than 30 years. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in online harassment directed at medical personnel and individuals who allegedly contracted COVID-19. In December 2019, Kawasaki City created the first nondiscrimination ordinance that includes criminal penalties for hate speech in public spaces. A number of laws regulate online activity, including by imposing civil and criminal liability. Article 2. Customers in small cities, towns, and villages paid an average monthly price of nearly 3,024 ($29.04). The group essentially serves as an online public relations effort for the LDP, though its rules make clear that members are responsible for their own social media posts. While these provisions were contested, and revisions are still planned,9 In contrast, when private individuals or groups organize boycotts against stores that sell magazines of which they disapprove, their actions are protected by the First Amendment, although they can become dangerous in the extreme. The IHCs website offers online forms for reporting objectionable content, such as material that features obscene images, child sexual abuse images, illegal drugs, or prostitution, as well as a referencing system that allows users to look up the status of submitted reports. During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical personnel were also targets for harassment on social media. Besides benefiting Japanese consumers,9 Censorship can be a constant factor, or it can be enacted during emergencies (or particular . According to a summary by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), since 2014, there have been fewer severe outages - specifically three to eight per year- compared to the previous decade.8 The law obliges agents to notify targets of wiretaps after investigations are concluded and inform the Diet about the number they implement annually. Ahead of the Okinawa gubernatorial election in September 2018, misinformation again spread online.4 In a survey by the Japan Medical Association, there were 700 incidents between October and December 2020 where medical staff treating COVID-19 patients were subject to online harassment.1 (Feb. 22, 2021) On December 30, 2020, Russian Federation President Vladimir Putin signedFederal Law No. While the government is relatively transparent in its censorship decisions, previous blocking and efforts to give authorities more censorship power have raised concerns. 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